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Hollywood Has Disquiet On The Set
Hollywood is on the edge of a nervous breakdown1.Worried about an industry wide writers strike, struckby a series of theater-chain bankruptcies, burdenedwith unreasonable corporate profit, requirementsand seemingly incapable of producing consistently2 creative movies, the American filmindustry is in an intensive period of soul-searching. There's little doubt it will survive this crisis.But most insiders agree there is disease at both ends of the business —where films areconceived, and where they're shown — that may take years to overcome.
While boasting annual box-office revenue increases for nine straight years, largely due toincreased ticket prices, the number of actual tickets sold has declined for the second year in arow. The construction boom has added nearly 10, 000 theaters ( more than 200, 000 moreseats) in the last five years. But due to a static audience base, eight major chains have goneinto bankruptcy and several others are in dreadful financial straits.
In effect, insiders say, Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in. "There's generalproblem in that the companies that have the most consistent output of material are leastinterested in what they're making, "says former 20 th Century Fox CEO3 Bill. And, Billadds,"We're in a period where movies are getting bigger and more costly and less interestingand fulfilling to an audience. "
Today the studios are under the stress to increase profit margins for their corporate parents,and profit margins are hard to control in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys.Other business can increase profits by cutting costs — buying cheaper material, or making thecandy bar smaller4 . Not Hollywood.
"What we're cutting is risk, "says the head of one major studio, who asked not to benamed,"And risk is what great film has always demanded. " While the studios are avoiding riskyconcepts, their rivals in the home entertainment business have been furiously expanding theboundaries of the imagination. It was this pressure — in electronic games, the Internet, EVDs— that forced the movie theater chains into a self-destructive frenzy of expansion.
Seduced by easy access to loans during the go-go5 economy of the mid to late 1990s, thechains plunged into debt in a feverish effort to be first on the block with the biggest 158theatres. In five years, the number of U. S. screens expanded from 27, 000 to more than 37, 000 .
" It's going to take three or four years for the complete recovery of the business, "says KurtHall, president of the United Artists Theater Circuit."It will take that long to get the number ofscreens down to a healthy level. The closer we get to 30, 000 the better off we'll be. "
練習(xí)題：
Ⅰ. Complete the summary of the passage:
Hollywood is on the 1 of nervous breakdown. It was struck by theater-chain2 , burdened with 3corporate profit, requirements, 4 of producing 5 creative movies. Most insiders allege thatboth ends of the business have disease. The annual box-office revenue increases because of the6 ticket prices. The number of actual tickets sold has 7 for the second year in a row. In the lastfive years 8 theaters has set up. Given the limited audience base, eight major chains havegone 9 bankruptcy and several others are in 10 11 .
Ⅱ. Questions:
1. Why Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in?
2. Why the studio is under stress? In what way is it different from other business?
參考答案
Ⅰ. 1. edge 2. bankruptcies 3. unreasonable 4 .incapable 5. consistently 6. increased 7. declined8. 10, 000 9 . into 10 . financial 11. straits
Ⅱ. 1. Because nowadays movies are getting biggerand more costly and less interesting and fulfilling toan audience.
2. They have to increase profit for their corporate parents and profit margins are hard tocontrol in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys. Other business can increaseprofits by cutting costs — buying cheaper material, but Hollywood can’t.
譯文
隱患叢生的好萊塢
好萊塢已處在崩潰的邊緣。美國(guó)的電影業(yè)受到來(lái)自各方面的困擾: 擔(dān)心業(yè)內(nèi)作家的全面罷工; 面臨一系列劇院的連鎖破產(chǎn); 承擔(dān)合伙人不合理的利潤(rùn)要求; 無(wú)法不斷地制作有創(chuàng)意的片子。毫無(wú)疑問好萊塢能度過這場(chǎng)危機(jī), 但是多數(shù)的業(yè)內(nèi)人士認(rèn)為這得花幾年時(shí)間,因?yàn)殡娪皹I(yè)的兩端——制作和放映都存在弊病。
159好萊塢吹噓它的票房收入連續(xù)九年增長(zhǎng), 但這主要是因?yàn)槠眱r(jià)上漲了, 實(shí)際的售票量已經(jīng)連續(xù)兩年下降。五年來(lái)的建設(shè)熱潮增加了1 萬(wàn)多個(gè)電影院, 20多萬(wàn)個(gè)座位。由于觀眾基數(shù)未變, 導(dǎo)致8個(gè)連鎖影院破產(chǎn), 另外幾家則陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。
業(yè)內(nèi)人士說, 事實(shí)上好萊塢電影業(yè)是欲罷不能。20世紀(jì)福克斯公司的前首席執(zhí)行官比爾說:“ 電影業(yè)內(nèi)有一個(gè)通病, 那些拍片最多的公司, 對(duì)自己的片子最沒興趣。”他還說:“ 現(xiàn)在我們的電影制作規(guī)模越來(lái)越大, 成本越來(lái)越高, 卻越來(lái)越?jīng)]意思, 也很少給觀眾滿足感。”
現(xiàn)在的電影制片廠要承受投資人要求擴(kuò)大利潤(rùn)空間的壓力, 但是像電影這種購(gòu)買率難以預(yù)測(cè)的行業(yè), 是很難控制利潤(rùn)的。別的行業(yè)可以通過購(gòu)買便宜的材料、縮減原料消耗來(lái)降低成本增加利潤(rùn), 但是這在好萊塢行不通。
一家大制片廠不愿透露姓名的主管說:“ 我們?cè)谝?guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn), 但是要制作大片子往往要擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”
制片廠都避開有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的電影構(gòu)思, 而家庭娛樂業(yè)的對(duì)手則在極盡能事地?cái)U(kuò)張他們的領(lǐng)域。來(lái)自電子游戲、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和EVD 等方面的壓力, 迫使連鎖電影院走上自我毀滅的擴(kuò)張之路。
在90年代末借貸容易的泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)大潮中, 連鎖影院瘋狂競(jìng)賽, 在各個(gè)街區(qū)建設(shè)最 大的電影院, 結(jié)果債臺(tái)高筑。五年間, 美國(guó)的電影屏幕從27 000個(gè)增加到了37000個(gè)。
“ 電影業(yè)要徹底恢復(fù)需要三到四年的時(shí)間。”美國(guó)藝術(shù)家影院協(xié)會(huì)的主席科特· 霍爾說:“ 將影院的數(shù)量減到正常水平需要這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。影院數(shù)量越接近30 000 個(gè), 對(duì)我們?cè)接欣?rdquo;
閱讀解析
1. breakdown n. ① ( 機(jī)器等) 損壞, 故障, 如: Our carhad a breakdown on the road. ( 我們的子在路上出了毛病。) ② 拆除, 破裂, 如: a partial breakdown oftraditional barriers ( 傳統(tǒng)障礙的部分掃除) ; prevent abreakdown between managers and teachers ( 防止管理人員和教師之間的分裂) 。文中的nervous breakdown是“ 神經(jīng)衰弱”的意思, 指好萊塢困難重重, 面臨精神崩潰。
2. consistent adj. ① 堅(jiān)持的, 固守的, 一貫的, 如: a consistent supporter of women’s rights ( 堅(jiān)持不懈的女權(quán)支持者) 。② 一致的, 和諧的, 如: The professor had a consistent attitude towards all hisstudents. ( 這位教授對(duì)他所有的學(xué)生一視同仁。) His story is not consistent with the fact. ( 他的報(bào)道與事實(shí)不符。) consistently 是副詞形式, 另外名形式是consistence。
3. CEO 是chief executive official ( 首席執(zhí)行官) 的縮寫。另外COO 是chief operation officer( 首席運(yùn)營(yíng)官) 的縮寫, 注意兩者的區(qū)別。
4. making the candy bar smaller 字面的意思是“ 把糖塊做小些”。這里隱含的意思是“別的行業(yè)可以通過把產(chǎn)品體積做小來(lái)減少原材料的消耗, 節(jié)約成本”。
5. go-go adj. ①歌歌舞的, 搖擺舞的, 跳搖擺舞的小舞場(chǎng)的, 如: a go-go band ( 歌歌舞樂隊(duì)) 。②活躍的, 有進(jìn)取心的, 大膽的無(wú)節(jié)制的, 如: the go-go generation ( 自我的、沖勁十足的一代) 。③買空賣空的, ( 投資) 投機(jī)性的, 如: These stocks have been the latest go-go favorites.( 這幾種股票是投資公司最近一個(gè)時(shí)期的熱門投機(jī)對(duì)象。)
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